I kēia ʻatikala, e loaʻa ʻoe i nā kikoʻī o nā papahana kekelē ʻenekini hoʻolālā pūnaewele no nā haumāna e lilo i kākoʻo nui inā makemake ʻoe e aʻo i ka ʻenekini kīwila me ka ʻole o ke kipa ʻana i nā paia ʻehā o kahi ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe a makemake paha ʻoe e hele ma waho o ka mea a kāu haʻi ʻōlelo. .
ʻO ka ʻenehana ʻenehana ka mahele ʻelua o nā hana kīwila e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā ʻenekini kīwila i ka hana ʻana i ka anamanaʻo kūkulu i mea e hoʻoholo ai i nā pūʻali kūloko a me waho e hiki ke hoʻopili i kahi hanana a laila hoʻolālā i kahi hoʻolālā e hoʻohana ana i nā mea a me nā hoʻoikaika e hakakā i nā pūʻali.
ʻOiai ʻo kēia kahua aʻo e pono ai i nā mea pono, e hāʻawi kēia mau papahana kekelē ʻenehana ʻenehana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa e pono ai e ʻoi loa i ka hana. Ke pau o ka papahana, e hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i ka palapala hōʻoia.
Hāʻawi ka papa o ka ʻike ma lalo i nā mea nui i ka mea e kali ai i ka ʻatikala.
[lwptoc]
He aha ka Hana Kūʻai?
ʻO kēia kahi aʻo haʻahaʻa o ka ʻenekinia kīwila e pili ana i ka hopena o ka ikaika o ke kino i nā mea kūʻē i ka ikaika. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia i nā kānāwai pili kino a me ka ʻike empirical o ka hana kūkulu o nā mea like ʻole a me nā geometry.
Hoʻonohonoho kēia kahua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā helu helu i nā ikaika kino a nānā i ka ʻano o nā ʻāpana o ke ʻano i kēia mau pūʻali.
I ka ʻenekini kūkulu, hele nā ʻenekini i kahi papa o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pehea e hoʻolālā ai i nā iwi a me nā mākala e hoʻomohala i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o nā hale i hana ʻia e ke kanaka.
E hoʻomaopopo a loiloi ka ʻenekinia hana i ka paʻa, ka ikaika, a me ke ōlaʻi o nā hale kūkulu no nā hale i hana ʻia e ke kanaka. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻohana lākou i kekahi mau manaʻo kūkulu maʻalahi e kūkulu i nā ʻōnaehana paʻakikī paʻakikī.
Hiki iaʻu ke loaʻa i kahi kekelē ʻenehana ʻenehana ma ka pūnaewele?
Ae. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi kekelē kūkulu ma ka pūnaewele ma ka pae o ka haku. I kekahi manawa, hele mai ka papahana ma ke ʻano he papahana hybrid e koi ana i nā haumāna e hoʻopau i nā papa hana ma ka pūnaewele a hoʻokō i kekahi mau hana ma ka pā kula.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻenekinia kūkulu i ʻāpana o kahi papahana kekelē kekelē. Hāʻawi kekahi mau kula i nā papahana kekelē laeoʻo manawa piha i ka ʻenehana kivila.
Ke paʻakikī nei paha ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻenekinia kūkulu ʻenehana?
ʻAʻole. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i kahi kekelē pūnaewele me ka ʻenehana maʻalahi. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā papahana kekelē pūnaewele i ka ʻenehana kūkulu i ka pae puka.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i kēia mau papahana pūnaewele ke hoʻomau nei ʻoe e heluhelu ma lalo.
Pehea ka lōʻihi e kiʻi ai i kahi kekelē ʻenehana ʻenehana?
Inā makemake ʻoe e loaʻa kahi kekelē i ka ʻenehana kūkulu, pono ʻoe e hōʻoia ʻia. Koi ʻia ʻoe e hoʻopau i kahi kekelē laepua a i ʻole kekelē laeoʻo ma ka ʻenehana ʻĀina.
E hoʻopau he kēkelē laepua ma ka 'enekinia Kivila, lawe ia iā ʻoe ʻehā (4) makahiki e pau ai. Inā makemake ʻoe e hele i mua ma ka alualu ʻana kekelē laepua no laila ke loea i ka ʻenehana kūkulu, e lawe ia iā ʻoe hookahi makahiki e hoʻopau i ka papahana.
He aha kaʻu e hana ai me kahi kekelē ʻenehana ʻenehana?
ʻO ke kekelē ma ka ʻenehana ʻĀina e hoʻomākaukau i nā hana he nui i ka mākeke hana a ʻoi loa hoʻi i ka ʻepekema. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana i kahi kekelē laeoʻo a me nā hōʻoia pono e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka ʻike lima e hana ai i nā mana he nui.
Me kahi kekelē i ka ʻenehana hana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana ma ke ʻano he:
- ʻEnekinia kuhikuhipuʻuone
- ʻEnekinia Bridge
- ʻEnehana mīkini
- ʻEnekinia hana
- Mīkini Geotechnical
- ʻEnekinia Highway
- ʻEnekinia Hydrographic
- ʻImi ʻenekini neʻeneʻe
- Kaʻahana hoʻokele
- Kuʻi ʻikepili
- ʻIkepili ʻenekia
- Mea hoʻolālā kūlanakauhale
- Loio Kānāwai
Nā Papahana Kekelē ʻElekana Pūnaewele
Maʻaneʻi, ua hōʻuluʻulu mākou i kahi papa inoa o nā kula e hāʻawi nei i ka hapanui o nā papahana kekelē laeoʻo pūnaewele i ka hana ʻenehana no nā haumāna. E ʻike pū ʻoe i ka papahana ʻenehana ʻenekini kūkulu i kēlā me kēia o nā kula.
No laila, ʻo nā ʻoihana e hāʻawi nei i nā papahana kekelē ʻenehana hoʻolālā pūnaewele nā:
- ʻO Texas Tech University
- Ke Kulanuiʻo Carolina State
- Ke Kulanui oʻEpekema Pūnaewele a me ke Keʻena
- Kulanuiʻo Mississippi State
- Kula Auburn
- Kansas State University
- Kulanui o Ilinoi-Urbana Champaign
- Ke KulanuiʻO Ohio
- Kulanui o Florida
- Kulanui o Idaho
- Ke KeʻenaʻOihana Hoʻonaʻauaoʻo New Jersey
- Kulanui o Vilanova
- ʻO Lawrence Tech
- Kulanui o Kaleponi Hema
ʻO Texas Tech University
He kulanui noiʻi lehulehu ʻo Texas Tech University ma Lubbock, Texas i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1923.
Loaʻa ka papahana kekelē hana kekona pūnaewele o ke kula ma ka pae o ka haku. Ma lalo o kēia papahana, hiki i nā haumāna ke ʻimi i nā māla ʻē aʻe i ka ʻenekinia kīwila e like me ka ʻenekinia kaiāulu, ʻenekini kūkulu, ʻenekini geotechnical, ʻenekini halihali, ʻenekini kumuwaiwai wai, a ʻenekini kūkulu a me ka hoʻokele.
Koho paha nā haumāna i ke ala palapala hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau a i ʻole koho i ke ala non-thesis i hoʻopau ʻia e kahi hōʻike a i ʻole kahi hōʻike. Ma lalo o ke ala palapala hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hoʻopau nā haumāna i 24 mau hola o ka papa hana, piha he 6 mau hola hōʻaiʻē o ka noiʻi kūʻokoʻa, a kākau i kahi palapala kākau e pili ana i nā hopena o ka noiʻi.
ʻO ka maʻamau, koi ka papahana i nā haumāna e hoʻopiha i nā hola hōʻaiʻē 30 ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o kā lākou kekelē.
Ke Kulanuiʻo Carolina State
ʻO ke Kulanui ʻo North Carolina State kahi hale noiʻi noiʻi hāʻawi ʻāina ʻāina ma Raleigh, North Carolina i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1887.
Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ke kekelē laeoʻo pūnaewele ma ka ʻenekinia kīwila ma NC State no nā haumāna i loaʻa kahi kekelē laepua no ka ʻenehana kivila. Ma lalo o ka papahana, specialize nā haumāna i ka ʻenekini kūkulu.
Ua like ka papahana ʻenekini kūkulu hale me nā papa ma ka pā kula e pili ana i ka ʻike, nā koina, a me ka pololei o ka ʻike. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole koi ka papahana ʻenekini kūkulu kūloko ma ka pā kula a i ʻole ka hoʻopau ʻana o kahi kākau.
ʻEono (6) mau makahiki e pau ai akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā haumāna e hoʻopau i ka papahana i loko o ʻekolu (3) mau makahiki. Hāʻawi ʻo NCSU i kekahi o nā papahana ʻoihana ʻenehana ʻenehana ʻoi loa i nā haumāna.
Ke Kulanui o ʻEpekema a me ʻenehana ʻo Missouri
He Kulanui ʻepekema a me ʻenehana ʻo Missouri (Missouri S&T) kahi kulanui noiʻi lehulehu ma Rolla, Missouri i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1870.
Hāʻawi kēia kula i kekahi o nā papahana kekelē ʻenekinia kūkulu online kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa ka papahana pūnaewele ma Missouri S&T ke kekelē laeoʻo ma ka ʻenehana kivila. Hana ʻia ia i ʻelima mau loea e like me ka ʻoihana hoʻonohonoho, ʻenekinia nohona, ʻenekini kūkulu, ʻenekinia ʻenehana, a me nā ʻenekini waiwai wai.
Hiki i nā haumāna ke koho i kahi ala palapala kākau a i ʻole kahi ala non-thesis. Hoʻohui ʻia, loaʻa iā lākou ka manawa kūpono e launa pū me nā limahana kumu ma o nā kau ola. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka papa hana he asynchronous a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā papa a mālama ʻia no ka loiloi i loko o ke kau. Pono ka papahana i nā hola ʻaiʻē 30 e hoʻopau ai.
Ma waena o 3 a 4 mau makahiki e hoʻopau ai i ka papahana akā ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi no ka papahana ʻeono (6) makahiki.
Kulanuiʻo Mississippi State
ʻO ke Kulanui Mīkini Misisipi (MSU) kahi kulanui noiʻi hāʻawi ʻāina ʻē i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1878.
Hāʻawi ke Keʻena ʻo MSU o ka Civil and Environmental Engineering i kā master (thesis and non-thesis) a me nā kekelē kekelē laeoʻo ka ʻoihana hoʻonohonoho.
Hāʻawi wale ʻia ka papahana ʻenehana ʻenehana ma ka pūnaewele wale nō. ʻO ia ka mea, ʻaʻole koi ʻia nā haumāna e kipa i ka pā kula no nā haʻi'ōlelo. E aʻo nā haumāna i kā lākou wikiwiki (asynchronous) ma o ka nānā ʻana i nā haʻawina wikiō i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā nīnau i loko o nā lā palena.
Kula Auburn
Kula Nui ʻo Auburn (AU or auburn) he ʻimi noiʻi ākea a me kahi kula hāʻawi ʻāina ma Auburn, Alabama i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1856.
Hāʻawi ke Kulanui o ʻĀnehana ʻo Samuel Ginn i nā papahana kekelē ʻenehana ʻenehana. ʻO kekahi o nā loea ʻē aʻe i hāʻawi ʻia i ke koleke o ka hana ʻenekini e pili ana i ka hana ʻenekinia a me ka ʻenehana ʻenehana.
Maʻaneʻi, hāʻawi ʻia nā haumāna i kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa holomua me ka pūnaewele me kahi papahana MCE ma ka pā kula. ʻAe kēia i nā haumāna e loaʻa kā lākou kekelē i kahi ʻano kāwili ʻia. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka papahana no nā haumāna e paʻa ana i ke kekelē laepua i ka ʻenehana. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā haumāna me nā kahua pili ke noi no ka papahana inā hoʻokō lākou i nā koi kikoʻī.
Hāʻawi ʻo Auburn i kekahi o nā papahana kekelē ʻenehana ʻoi loa o ka pūnaewele i hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike.
Kansas State University
Ke Kulanuiʻo Kansas State (KSU or K-Mokuʻāina) he kulanui ʻimi noiʻi hāʻawi ʻāina i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1863.
Ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi o nā kula e hāʻawi nei i nā papahana kekelē ʻenekini kūkulu online ʻoi loa, hāʻawi ʻo KSU i nā papa pūnaewele i nā haumāna papa hana i hiki ʻole i kā lākou mau hana ke ʻae iā lākou e hana i nā noi maʻamau ma ka pā kula. ʻAʻohe ona papa koi, akā koho nā haumāna i nā papa e pili ana i ka hana ʻenehana ma o ke alakaʻi ʻana o kā lākou mau aʻoaʻo.
Pono nā papahana kekelē hana kekona pūnaewele ma KSU i nā haumāna e hoʻopau i kahi hoʻokolohua waha ma ka pā kula i ka hopena o ka papa hana. Pono ia i nā hola hōʻaiʻē 30 e hoʻopau ai i kēia polokalamu pūnaewele ma $ 594.50 no ka hola hōʻaiʻē.
Kulanui o Illinois-Urban Champaign
Ke Kulanui o Ilinoi ma Urbana – Champaign (U o I or UIUC) he kulanui noiʻi hāʻawi kālā ʻāina lehulehu ma ʻIlino i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1867.
ʻO ka ʻenekinia struktural kekahi o nā loea i hāʻawi ʻia i ka haku o ka papahana ʻenekinia kīwila ma U o I. Pono ka papahana pūnaewele i nā haumāna e hoʻokō i kēia loea ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau papa i loaʻa i loko o nā mākau haʻahaʻa me ke ʻano ʻenehana geotechnical, ʻenekini kaiapuni. a me nā kumuwaiwai wai.
ʻAʻole pono ia i kahi palapala kākau. Hoʻohui ʻia, nā papahana kekele ʻenehana ʻenehana ma U o I koi aku i 36 mau hōʻaiʻē e hoʻopau ʻia i loko o kahi mau makahiki he ʻelima (5).
Ke KulanuiʻO Ohio
Kula Nui ʻo Ohio (Ohio or OU) he kulanui noiʻi lehulehu ma Athens, Ohio i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1804.
He loea ka papahana ʻenehana ʻenehana ʻenehana i ka papahana ʻenehana kivila ma OHIO. Ma lalo o ka papahana pūnaewele, hāʻawi ʻia nā haumāna i nā papa hana ma ka punaewele me ka ʻole o ke kipa ʻana i ka pā kula.
Loaʻa i nā haumāna ka manawa kūpono e launa pū me nā limahana kumu a me nā hoa haumāna ma o ka ʻaha kūkā wikiō ʻana. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻaʻole koi ka papahana kekelē haku hana ʻenehana ma ka University University i nā mākia GRE.
Kulanui o Florida
Ke Kulanui o Florida (Hawaii or UF) he kulanui ʻimi noiʻi hāʻawi ʻāina ākea ma Gainesville, Florida i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1853.
Hāʻawi ke Keʻena ʻenehana ʻo Sustainable Infrastructure a me ke Kaiāulu (ESSIE) i ka papahana ʻenekini kūkulu hale ma ke ʻano he loea i ka ʻenehana kivila.
He papahana non-thesis i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā ʻoihana papa hana a hāʻawi ʻia ia i ka pae haku. ʻAneʻane lawelawe ʻia nā papa hana a pau i nā haumāna ma ka pūnaewele. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole pono nā haumāna e kipa i ka pā kula no nā haʻi'ōlelo.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā haumāna e hoʻopau i ka papahana i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki (2) wale nō. Hiki i nā haumāna ke koho e lawe i kekahi a i ʻole mau papa like paha.
Kulanui o Idaho
Ke Kulanui o Idaho (U o I or UIdaho) he kulanui ʻimi noiʻi hāʻawi ʻāina ākea ma Moscow, Idaho i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1889.
Hāʻawi ʻo UIdaho i kahi papahana kekelē laeoʻo loea ma ka pūnaewele ʻo ia hoʻi kahi ʻenehana sub-disipile ma ke kula. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka papahana pūnaewele no nā ʻoihana hana i loaʻa ka ʻike ikaika i ka ʻenehana kivila.
Eia hou, ʻaʻohe koi ka papahana pūnaewele akā e hoʻomākaukau nā haumāna i kahi pepa ʻenehana. Koi ʻia ma ka liʻiliʻi he 33 mau manawa hōʻaiʻē e hoʻopau.
Ke KeʻenaʻOihana Hoʻonaʻauaoʻo New Jersey
Ke Keʻena Hanaʻenehana New Jersey (NJIT) he kulanui noiʻi lehulehu i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1881.
Ma NJIT, hāʻawi ʻia nā haumāna i kahi MS pūnaewele ma ka ʻenehana ʻenehana i hele mai ma ke ʻano he loea i ka ʻenehana kivila. Lawe ʻia ka papahana pūnaewele i nā haumāna papa hana e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻohui i ka hana me nā haʻawina i kā lākou wikiwiki iho.
Ma lalo o kēia papahana, aʻo nā haumāna pehea e hoʻohana ai i nā manaʻo o ka ʻepekema hoʻokele, ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho ʻana, a me nā pilikia kū kānāwai i nā ʻenehana loea o ka ʻenekinia kīwila. Hāʻawi ʻia ka papa hana i nā haumāna me ka like ʻole.
I ka pau ʻana o nā papahana kekelē ʻenekinia struktural pūnaewele, loaʻa i nā haumāna ka manawa kūpono e loaʻa i kahi laikini ʻĀina ʻEnekinia. He 19 mau mahina wale nō e hoʻopau ai i ka polokalamu kekelē laeoʻo pūnaewele.
Kulanui o Vilanova
He Kulanui Katolika pilikino ʻo Villanova University ma Villanova, Pennsylvania i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1842.
Hāʻawi ke kulanui i nā haumāna i ke aʻo holomua i ka hoʻolālā ʻōnaehana, ka hoʻopili ʻana, nā mīkini, a me nā kumuhana ʻē aʻe e pili ana ma lalo o ka papahana kekelē ʻenehana kūkulu online. Hāʻawi ʻia nā haumāna i ke aʻo pilikino ʻana me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana i nā haʻiʻōlelo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hāʻawi ʻia nā haumāna i nā kumumanaʻo ʻelua a me ka noi me ke koʻikoʻi i nā code hoʻolālā hoʻolālā hou o kēia ao a me nā hana. ʻO nā papa nui e pono ai nā CEE 7412, 8434, 8435, 8437 ʻoiai koho nā haumāna i nā papa i koe e pili ana i kā lākou hoihoi.
Lawe nā haumāna i ka noiʻi e pili ana i kahi hana papa mele ma ka Richard K. Faris '69 CE, '70 MSCE Structural Engineering Aʻo a me ka Laboratory Research.
Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka papahana pūnaewele ma waena o 2 a 3 mau makahiki.
ʻO Lawrence Tech
Kulanui ʻenehana ʻo Lawrence (LTU) he kula pilikino ma Southfield, Michigan i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1932.
Hāʻawi ʻo LTU i ka papahana ʻenehana ʻenehana ʻenehana me ka ʻae ʻole i nā haumāna e aʻo i kā lākou wikiwiki. Ke aʻo nei ka papahana pūnaewele i nā haumāna pehea e ʻimi ai i ka ikaika o ka hoʻolālā, ka hoʻolālā kila holomua, ka loiloi a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā hanana paʻakikī, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui i nā hale.
Pono ka papahana kekelē hana kekona pūnaewele i nā hola hōʻaiʻē 30 e hoʻopau ai i loko o kahi mau makahiki ʻelua (2).
Kulanui o Kaleponi Hema
ʻO ke Kulanui o Kaleponi Hema kahi ʻimi noiʻi pilikino ma Los Angeles, Kaleponi i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1880.
Loaʻa i nā haumāna ke koho o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka papahana ʻenehana ʻenehana ma ka pūnaewele a i ʻole ma ke kipa ʻana i ka pā kula. Hāʻawi ʻo USC i nā haumāna pūnaewele i nā haʻi ʻōlelo like i loaʻa i nā haumāna ma ka pā kula.
Hāʻawi ka papahana i ke koʻikoʻi i nā wānana pane a i ʻole nā helu ʻana no nā hanana a me nā mea paʻa me ke kila, ka pōhaku paʻa, a me nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia. E aʻo pū nā haumāna i ke ʻano o kēia mau ukana, kūpaʻa a ikaika hoʻi, me nā hopena e huki ʻia ana no ka hoʻolālā.
Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia kēia papahana pūnaewele ma waena o 18 mau mahina akā hoʻopau kekahi mau haumāna iā ia ma waena o 3 mau makahiki.
Panina
Hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā papahana kekelē hana kekona pūnaewele no nā ʻoihana i hiki ʻole i kā lākou mau hana ke ʻae iā lākou e hele i nā papa o ke kula
Hāʻawi ʻia nā papa i hāʻawi ʻia i loko o nā lumi papa kuʻuna i nā papahana ʻenehana ʻenekini kūkulu. Eia nō naʻe, pono i kekahi mau kula e hāʻawi nei i nā papahana kekelē ʻenekini struktural pūnaewele i nā haumāna e hoʻopau i kahi hoʻokolokolo ma ka pā kula ma ka hopena o ka papahana.
Ua helu ʻia kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻoihana āpau e hāʻawi i nā papahana kekelē laeʻenehana kūkulu pono ʻoi loa ma ke ʻano he loea i ka papahana ʻenehana kivila.
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